Window manager (简体中文)

窗口管理器（window manager，简称WM）是图形用户界面的一部分。用户可以选择安装桌面环境，它们通常已经提供了完整的用户界面，包括图标、窗口、工具栏、壁纸和桌面部件。

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X窗口系统

X窗口系统提供基本的图形用户界面支持。使用桌面环境之前，必须首先安装X服务器。Xorg是这套系统的开源实现。

X为GUI环境提供基本的框架：在屏幕上描绘、体现图像与移动程序窗口，同时也受理、运行、及管理电脑与鼠标、键盘的交互程序。不过，X并没有管理到用户界面，而是由其他以X为基础的实现来负责。正因为如此，以X为基础环境所开发成的视觉样式非常地多，不同的程序可能有截然不同的接口体现。X作为系统内核之上的程序应用层发挥作用。

用户可以通过各种方法，自由配置GUI环境。

窗口管理器

窗口管理器是提供窗口边框的X客户端，它控制图形程序的外观和行为方式：边框、标题栏、大小、以及调整大小等操作。很多窗口管理器还有其他功能，比如Window Maker提供了应用程序面板，Fluxbox提供窗口标签功能，此外还有启动程序的菜单、窗口管理器配置菜单等。

窗口管理器一般不提供额外的组件，比如图标之类的，它们一般由桌面环境提供。因此，窗口管理器通常不怎么耗费系统资源。

类型
  • 堆叠式（或悬浮式）窗口管理器，顾名思义，不同窗口可以相互重叠，就像桌子上随意摆放的白纸一样。Windows（中的explorer）、Mac OS X这样的商业系统所用的窗口管理器也是这种。
  • 平铺式（或直译瓦片式）窗口管理器，其中的窗口不能够重叠，而是像瓦片一样挨个摆放。这种窗口管理器一般比较依赖键盘操作，较少使用鼠标。此类窗口管理器一般也是高度可定制的。
  • 动态窗口管理器，结合上述两种窗口管理器，可以动态切换窗口放置方式。

窗口管理器列表
  • 堆叠式（悬浮式）窗口管理器
  • 平铺式（瓦片式）窗口管理器
  • 动态窗口管理器

窗口管理器的比较参见 Comparison of tiling window managers 和 Wikipedia:Comparison of X window managers。

窗口管理器列表

堆叠式（悬浮式）窗口管理器
  • AfterStep — AfterStep is a window manager for the Unix X Window System. Originally based on the look and feel of the NeXTStep interface, it provides end users with a consistent, clean, and elegant desktop. The goal of AfterStep development is to provide for flexibility of desktop configuration, improving aestetics, and efficient use of system resources.
http://www.afterstep.org/ || afterstepAUR [unsupported]
  • Blackbox — Blackbox is the fast, lightweight window manager for the X Window System you have been looking for, without all those annoying library dependencies. Blackbox is built with C++ and contains completely original code (even though the graphics implementation is similar to that of WindowMaker).
http://blackboxwm.sourceforge.net/ || blackbox
  • Compiz — Compiz is an OpenGL compositing manager that uses GLX_EXT_texture_from_pixmap for binding redirected top-level windows to texture objects. It has a flexible plug-in system and it is designed to run well on most graphics hardware.
http://www.compiz.org/ || compiz-coreAUR
          • FVWM — FVWM is an extremely powerful ICCCM-compliant multiple virtual desktop window manager for the X Window system. Development is active, and support is excellent.
          https://www.fvwm.org/ || fvwmAUR
            • IceWM — IceWM is a window manager for the X Window System. The goal of IceWM is speed, simplicity, and not getting in the user's way.
            http://www.icewm.org/ || icewm
                          • PekWM — pekwm is a window manager that once upon a time was based on the aewm++ window manager, but it has evolved enough that it no longer resembles aewm++ at all. It has a much expanded feature-set, including window grouping (similar to Ion, PWM, or Fluxbox), auto-properties, Xinerama, keygrabber that supports keychains, and much more.
                          https://www.pekwm.org/projects/pekwm || pekwm
                                • WindowLab — WindowLab is a small and simple window manager of novel design. It has a click-to-focus but not raise-on-focus policy, a window resizing mechanism that allows one or many edges of a window to be changed in one action, and an innovative menubar that shares the same part of the screen as the taskbar. Window titlebars are prevented from going off the edge of the screen by constraining the mouse pointer, and when appropriate the pointer is also constrained to the taskbar/menubar in order to make target menu items easier to hit.
                                https://nickgravgaard.com/windowlab/ || windowlabAUR

                                      平铺式（瓦片式）窗口管理器
                                          • Ratpoison — Ratpoison is a simple Window Manager with no fat library dependencies, no fancy graphics, no window decorations, and no rodent dependence. It is largely modeled after GNU Screen which has done wonders in the virtual terminal market. Ratpoison is configured with a simple text file. The information bar in Ratpoison is somewhat different, as it shows only when needed. It serves as both an application launcher as well as a notification bar. Ratpoison does not include a system tray.
                                          https://www.nongnu.org/ratpoison/ || ratpoison

                                                动态窗口管理器
                                                        • snapwm — is a small, lightweight dynamic tiling window manager based on catwm and dminiwm. It has a built in status bar with clickable workspaces and five modes (vertical, horizontal, grid, fullscreen, and stacking). It has other features, like status colors, pertag, attachaside, a reloadable rc file, transparency support, dmenu integration and more.
                                                        https://github.com/moetunes/Nextwm ||
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